GLP-1 agonists, such as semaglutide have revolutionized the treatment of weight loss. These medications help regulate blood sugar levels and promote weight loss by mimicking the action of the hormone GLP-1, which stimulates insulin secretion and slows gastric emptying. However, despite their benefits, GLP-1 agonists can come with a range of side effects. Understanding how to manage these side effects can significantly enhance your treatment experience.
Common Side Effects and How to Mitigate Them
While no foods are strictly contraindicated, processed, high-sugar, and fatty foods are likely to worsen side effects like nausea and gastrointestinal distress. (1)
1. Nausea and Vomiting
• Start Low, Go Slow: Initiate treatment with a lower dose and gradually increase it as tolerated. This approach helps your body adapt to the medication.
• Eat Smaller, Frequent Meals: Instead of three large meals, try eating smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day. This can help manage nausea.
• Avoid sugary and processed foods. Avoid Trigger Foods: Fatty, greasy, or spicy foods can exacerbate nausea. Stick to bland foods that are easier on your stomach.
• Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water or clear fluids to prevent dehydration, especially if you experience vomiting. A minimum of 64 ounces/day of water.
2. Diarrhea
• Hydrate, Hydrate, Hydrate: Diarrhea can lead to dehydration, so it’s crucial to drink plenty of fluids. Consider electrolyte-replenishing drinks if necessary.
• Avoid Dairy and High-Fiber Foods: These can sometimes worsen diarrhea, so it might be best to steer clear of them until symptoms improve.
3. Constipation
• Increase Fiber Gradually: Foods high in fiber can help alleviate constipation, but introduce them slowly to avoid worsening symptoms. The general recommendation is 38 g/d for men and 25 g/d for women. The caveat to this advice is that a minority of patients, such as those with irritable bowel syndrome, may develop worsening constipation with increasing fiber. (1)
• Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help keep things moving through your digestive system.
• Exercise Regularly: Physical activity can stimulate bowel movements and alleviate constipation.
4. Abdominal Pain
• Eat Smaller Meals: Large meals can cause more discomfort. Opt for smaller, more frequent meals.
• Avoid Carbonated Drinks: These can increase gas and bloating, contributing to abdominal pain.
5. Injection Site Reactions
• Rotate Injection Sites: To reduce irritation, avoid injecting in the same spot each time. Rotate sites as instructed by your healthcare provider.
• Use Proper Technique: Ensure you are using the correct needle placement and depth to minimize discomfort.
General Tips for Managing Side Effects
• Follow Healthcare Provider’s Instructions: Always adhere to the dosing and administration guidelines provided by your healthcare provider. They can adjust your dosage and provide personalized recommendations based on your symptoms.
• Report Severe Side Effects: If you experience severe or persistent side effects, contact your healthcare provider immediately. They can determine if an adjustment or a different treatment is necessary.
• Stay Informed: Educate yourself about the potential side effects of GLP-1 agonists and how to manage them. Knowledge is power and can help you feel more in control of your treatment.
Finally, because weight loss of any kind is inevitably associated with muscle loss, I stress the importance of adequate protein. In general, I advise 25-30 g of protein per meal.(1)
Source:
Offsetting Side Effects of New Antiobesity Medications - Medscape - Feb 01, 2024.
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